Relapse doesn’t happen in one dramatic moment. It creeps in gradually – often without you even realizing it at first. The truth is, relapse usually starts long before a drink is poured or a substance is used. That’s why understanding the 3 stages of relapse – emotional, mental, and physical – is so important.1
The earlier you identify these stages, the better your chances of avoiding a return to substance use.
Stage 1: Emotional relapse
This is where relapse quietly begins. You’re not thinking about using. You still want to stay sober. You might even be going to meetings or therapy. But under the surface, the stress is building. You might be:
What it looks like
- You’re more reactive than usual – easily frustrated, anxious, or angry
- You’re not sleeping well or skipping meals
- You’ve stopped expressing your emotions and started bottling things up
- You might start isolating or avoiding your support system
- Self-care routines fall apart
- You’re focusing more on others’ issues than your own
In recovery groups, the acronym HALT – Hungry, Angry, Lonely, Tired – is often used as a quick check-in. If you’re hitting more than one of those, that’s your cue to slow down and take action.
Because even though you’re not craving substances, your brain and body are slipping into a state where relapse becomes more likely. According to research by Dr. Rajita Sinha, emotional stress is a key predictor of relapse, particularly when coping skills are weak or underused.2
People in this stage often think, “I’m fine. I’m not using.” That denial is part of the danger.
If you’re supporting someone: Pay attention to small behavior shifts. If someone seems disconnected, short-tempered, or worn down, gently check in. Offer practical help—a ride to a meeting, a meal, or just a safe place to talk.
What to do about it
- Double down on self-care: Eat well, get some sleep, take care of your body. Revisit the HALT framework: Hungry, Angry, Lonely, Tired – address these first.
- Talk to someone: A therapist, sponsor, or someone who knows your recovery
- Re-engage: Go to a meeting, reach out to your sober friends, get out of your head
- Check in with structure: Create a daily routine, journal, or use a sobriety accountability system like BACtrack View
- Tip: Even small structure helps, i.e. setting a morning check-in alarm and doing one sober action before 9am
Stage 2: Mental relapse
This is where the tug-of-war begins. You’re still trying to stay sober, but part of your brain is starting to romanticize using. The craving can feel almost poetic, as memories of carefree nights and laughter seep in, making the choice seem more like a tempting adventure than a dangerous pitfall. It’s in these moments that the term ‘sober curious‘ comes to mind, prompting a reflection on the underlying reasons behind your desire to drink and the benefits of maintaining clarity. The struggle intensifies as you weigh the allure of intoxication against the hard-earned sense of freedom and self-discovery that sobriety offers.
What it feels like
- You start having thoughts like “It wasn’t that bad” or “Maybe I can handle it now”
- Cravings pop up more often and feel stronger
- Daydreaming about the people, places, and things tied to your addiction
- Lying to others – or yourself – about what you’re doing or feeling
- Putting yourself in risky situations “just to see”
- Bargaining (“I’ll only drink on weekends,” “I’ll just use something else”)
At this point, it’s not just about triggers – it’s about internal temptation. You’re mentally rehearsing a relapse before it even happens.
These aren’t random urges. Cravings are tied to memory and emotion circuits in the brain – especially the amygdala and hippocampus. Just seeing an old bar or hearing a song can trigger that loop.3
If you’re supporting someone: Don’t judge. Ask questions like: “Have you been having any cravings lately?” or “Do you want to make a plan for the weekend together?” Help create some safety and structure.
What to do about it
- Say it out loud: Tell someone you trust what’s going on in your head. Cravings lose power when spoken aloud.
- Interrupt the cycle: Go for a walk, change your location, call someone—anything that disrupts the spiral.
- Go back to your tools: Therapy, journaling, CBT strategies—this is when they count the most.
- Reconnect with your “why”: Revisit the reasons you got sober in the first place.
- Lean on your support network. If, say, you’ve been to fewer support group meetings, double up this week. This stage can feel private, but you are not alone.
Stage 3: Physical relapse
This is the moment people tend to think of as “relapsing” – actually drinking or using again. But by the time this happens, the groundwork was laid long before. The decision may feel sudden, but it rarely is.
If you do relapse, it’s not over – it’s data. What didn’t work? What did you miss? Recovery is about coming back again and again.
The relapse rate for substance use disorders is estimated at 40-60% – about the same as diabetes or asthma.
But here’s the most important thing to remember: Relapsing doesn’t mean you failed. It means something in your recovery or relapse prevention plan didn’t hold up – and that’s something you can fix.
If you’re supporting someone: Stay calm. Don’t shame. Ask: “Do you want to talk about what happened?” Offer support in getting back to a meeting, a therapist, or just having a safe place to sleep it off.
What to do about it
- Get support immediately: Call your sponsor, therapist, or recovery circle. Don’t wait to “get sober” first.
- Don’t isolate: You’ll want to hide. Don’t.
- Avoid the “screw it” mindset: One slip doesn’t have to become a full return to addiction.
- Learn from it: Ask yourself – what didn’t work? What did I miss? What needs to change?
Tip: Make a “crisis card” listing 3 people you can call, what to say, and where to go. Keep it in your wallet.
How to protect yourself from relapse
The best way to prevent relapse? Stay ahead of it. Here are a few practices that can help:
Make a plan
Have a written relapse prevention plan. Make sure it include:
- Your biggest personal triggers
- A list of people to call (write it down—not just in your phone)
- What you’ll do if you feel cravings
Stay connected
- Go to meetings, even when you don’t feel like it
- Check in weekly with someone who knows your recovery
- Be honest—especially when it’s hard
Keep revising
Recovery is dynamic. What worked six months ago might not work today. Check in with yourself regularly. Update your plan. Adjust.
The bottom line on the 3 stages of relapse
Relapse doesn’t start with a drink. It starts with silence, isolation, and unchecked emotions. By learning to spot the three stages of relapse, you can catch it early, course-correct, and protect your recovery.
Recovery isn’t about perfection. It’s about paying attention – and knowing what to do when things start to slide.
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